:root {
  --paper: #F5F6F3;
  --surface: #FFFFFF;
  --ink: #152033;
  --graphite: #4A5566;
  --rule: #D9DDE3;
  --accent: #1F4FD6;
  --accent-ink: #FFFFFF;
  --bid: #1C7C5A;
  --ask: #B4432E;
  --tint: #E9EDF7;
  --sans: "IBM Plex Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  --serif: "Source Serif 4", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --measure: 68ch;
  --radius-s: 4px;
  --radius-m: 10px;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) {
    --paper: #0F1724; --surface: #152033; --ink: #E7EAEE; --graphite: #A9B2BF;
    --rule: #2A3648; --accent: #7C9CFF; --accent-ink: #0F1724; --tint: #1B2940;
    --bid: #4FC39A; --ask: #F08A74;
  }
}
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; scroll-padding-top: 140px; }
body {
  margin: 0; background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink);
  font: 400 1.0625rem/1.7 var(--serif); font-optical-sizing: auto;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
img, svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
a { color: var(--accent); text-underline-offset: 0.18em; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
a:hover { text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 3px; border-radius: 2px; }
.skip { position: absolute; left: -999px; top: 8px; background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); padding: 8px 12px; z-index: 20; }
.skip:focus { left: 8px; }
.wrap { width: min(1180px, 100% - 40px); margin-inline: auto; }

/* Header */
.site-head { z-index: 10; background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 92%, transparent);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(1.4) blur(8px); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.head-inner { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 22px; height: 80px; }
/* Brand lockup. The supplied artwork is navy-on-white, so in dark mode the
   image is lifted out of its white box rather than recoloured. */
.brand { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; text-decoration: none; flex: 0 0 auto; }
.brand img { display: block; height: 50px; width: auto; flex: 0 0 auto; }
@media (max-width: 700px) { .brand img { height: 40px; } }
@media (max-width: 420px) { .brand img { height: 34px; } }
.primary { display: flex; gap: 17px; margin-left: 4px; flex: 0 1 auto; }
.primary a { font: 500 0.92rem/1 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); text-decoration: none; padding: 8px 0; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; white-space: nowrap; }
.primary a:hover, .primary a[aria-current] { color: var(--ink); border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }
.head-inner .button { margin-left: auto; }
.button { display: inline-block; font: 600 0.95rem/1 var(--sans); background: var(--accent); color: var(--accent-ink);
  padding: 13px 18px; border-radius: var(--radius-s); text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }
.button:hover { filter: brightness(1.08); }
.button-small { padding: 10px 14px; font-size: 0.88rem; }
.button-ghost { background: transparent; color: var(--ink); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--rule); }
@media (max-width: 1220px) { .primary { display: none; } }

/* Page head */
.page-head { padding: 44px 0 18px; max-width: 900px; }
.crumbs ol { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; padding: 0; margin: 0 0 20px; font: 400 0.85rem/1.4 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); }
.crumbs li + li::before { content: "/"; margin-right: 6px; color: var(--rule); }
.crumbs a { color: var(--graphite); text-decoration: none; }
.crumbs a:hover { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: underline; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-family: var(--sans); color: var(--ink); letter-spacing: -0.015em; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 1.3rem + 3vw, 3.4rem); line-height: 1.08; font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 16px; max-width: 22ch; }
.dek { font: 400 1.25rem/1.55 var(--serif); color: var(--graphite); max-width: 60ch; margin: 0 0 14px; }
.byline { font: 400 0.88rem/1.4 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); margin: 0; }
.byline a { color: var(--graphite); }

/* Grid */
.page-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 280px; gap: 64px; padding-bottom: 72px; }
/* The TOC only ever needs 280px, so the content column takes the rest. Prose stays
   pinned to its reading measure; only tables are allowed to use the extra width. */
.with-toc .prose > * { max-width: 580px; }
.with-toc .prose > .table-wrap { max-width: none; }
.no-toc .page-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
.toc { position: sticky; top: 148px; align-self: start; max-width: 280px; padding-left: 20px; border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); margin-top: 12px; max-height: calc(100vh - 170px); overflow-y: auto; overscroll-behavior: contain; }
.toc-sub { list-style: none; padding: 0 0 0 12px; margin: 6px 0 0; border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.toc-sub a { font-size: 0.83rem; }
.toc-h { font: 600 0.85rem/1.2 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); margin: 0 0 10px; }
.toc ol { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.toc li { margin: 0 0 8px; }
.toc a { font: 400 0.88rem/1.35 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); text-decoration: none; }
.toc a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
@media (max-width: 1000px) { .page-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); } .toc { display: none; } }

/* Prose */
.prose > * + * { margin-top: 1.1em; }
.prose p, .prose li { max-width: var(--measure); }
.prose h2 { font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.25; font-weight: 600; margin: 2.2em 0 0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; }
.prose h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.35; font-weight: 600; margin: 1.8em 0 0.3em; }
.prose ul, .prose ol { padding-left: 1.2em; }
.prose li + li { margin-top: 0.4em; }
.prose strong { font-weight: 600; }
.prose blockquote { margin: 1.5em 0; padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; border-left: 3px solid var(--accent); color: var(--graphite); font-style: italic; }
.answer { background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-left: 4px solid var(--accent); border-radius: var(--radius-s);
  padding: 20px 24px; margin: 8px 0 28px; }
.answer p { margin: 0; font-size: 1.12rem; line-height: 1.65; }
.answer p + p { margin-top: 0.7em; }
.takeaways { background: var(--tint); border-radius: var(--radius-m); padding: 20px 24px 20px 44px; }
.takeaways-h { font: 600 0.95rem/1.2 var(--sans); margin: 0 0 8px -20px !important; }
.table-wrap { overflow-x: auto; margin: 1.6em 0; border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: var(--radius-s); background: var(--surface); }
table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font: 400 0.93rem/1.5 var(--sans); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
th { text-align: left; font-weight: 600; background: var(--tint); color: var(--ink); }
th, td { padding: 11px 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); vertical-align: top; }
tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 0; }
/* Dense tables (5+ columns) keep their values on one line instead of wrapping to
   four, at the cost of a slightly smaller face and tighter gutters. */
.table-wrap.dense table { font-size: 0.86rem; }
.table-wrap.dense th, .table-wrap.dense td { padding: 9px 11px; white-space: nowrap; }
.table-wrap.dense th:first-child, .table-wrap.dense td:first-child { white-space: normal; min-width: 11em; }
@media (max-width: 760px) { .table-wrap.dense table { font-size: 0.82rem; } }
.source { font: 400 0.85rem/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); }
.faq h3 { margin-top: 1.4em; }
code { font-size: 0.9em; background: var(--tint); padding: 1px 5px; border-radius: 3px; }
.formula { font: 500 1.1rem/1.5 var(--sans); background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: var(--radius-s); padding: 16px 20px; text-align: center; }

/* CTA + related */
.cta { display: flex; gap: 24px; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 3em !important;
  padding: 26px 28px; background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); border-radius: var(--radius-m);
  flex-wrap: wrap; }
.cta > div:first-child { flex: 1 1 300px; min-width: 0; }
.cta p { margin: 0; max-width: 52ch; font-family: var(--sans); color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 82%, transparent); }
.cta .cta-h { font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.15rem; color: var(--paper); margin-bottom: 6px; }
.cta .button { background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); }
@media (max-width: 640px) { .cta { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; } }
.related { margin-top: 3em !important; }
.related h2 { font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 0 0 10px; }
.related ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.related li { max-width: none; margin: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.related a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1.3fr); gap: 20px; padding: 14px 0; text-decoration: none; }
.rel-title { font: 600 1rem/1.35 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); }
.rel-desc { font: 400 0.9rem/1.45 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); }
.related a:hover .rel-title { color: var(--accent); }
@media (max-width: 640px) { .related a { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; } }

/* Index rows (hubs) */
.index { list-style: none; padding: 0 !important; margin: 1.4em 0 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.index li { max-width: none !important; margin: 0 !important; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.index a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.9fr) minmax(0, 1.4fr) auto; gap: 24px; align-items: baseline; padding: 20px 0; text-decoration: none; }
.index .i-title { font: 600 1.2rem/1.3 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); }
.index .i-desc { font: 400 0.98rem/1.5 var(--serif); color: var(--graphite); }
.index .i-meta { font: 500 0.82rem/1 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); }
.index a:hover .i-title { color: var(--accent); }
@media (max-width: 720px) { .index a { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; } }

/* Form */
.form { display: grid; gap: 16px; max-width: 620px; margin-top: 1.5em; font-family: var(--sans); }
.form label { display: grid; gap: 6px; font: 500 0.92rem/1.3 var(--sans); }
.form input, .form select, .form textarea { font: 400 1rem/1.4 var(--sans); padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: var(--radius-s); background: var(--surface); color: var(--ink); }
.form textarea { min-height: 130px; resize: vertical; }
.form .hint { font: 400 0.85rem/1.4 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); }

/* Footer */
.site-foot { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); background: var(--surface); font-family: var(--sans); }
.foot-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 28px; padding: 44px 0 28px; }
.foot-grid nav { display: grid; gap: 8px; align-content: start; }
.foot-grid a { color: var(--graphite); text-decoration: none; font-size: 0.92rem; }
.foot-grid a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.foot-h { font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.92rem; margin: 0 0 4px; }
.foot-brand { margin: 0 0 14px; }
.foot-brand img { display: block; height: 55px; width: auto; }
.foot-note { color: var(--graphite); font-size: 0.92rem; line-height: 1.55; max-width: 40ch; margin: 0; }
.foot-base { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 16px 0 28px; }
.foot-base p { margin: 0; color: var(--graphite); font-size: 0.82rem; }
@media (max-width: 1080px) { .foot-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; } }
@media (max-width: 800px) { .foot-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; } }

.trace { margin: 0; }
.mnav { display: none; position: relative; margin-left: auto; font-family: var(--sans); }
.mnav summary { list-style: none; cursor: pointer; font: 600 0.92rem/1 var(--sans); padding: 10px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: var(--radius-s); }
.mnav summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.mnav nav { position: absolute; right: 0; top: 46px; display: grid; min-width: 220px; background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: var(--radius-m); padding: 8px; }
.mnav nav a { padding: 10px 12px; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; border-radius: var(--radius-s); }
.mnav nav a:hover { background: var(--tint); }
@media (max-width: 1220px) { .mnav { display: block; } .head-inner > .button { display: none; } }

/* TL;DR summary for readers and AI citation */
.tldr { position: relative; background: var(--surface); border: 2px solid var(--ink); border-radius: var(--radius-m); padding: 30px 28px 22px; margin: 18px 0 36px !important; }
.tldr-label { position: absolute; top: -14px; left: 22px; margin: 0; background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); font: 700 0.85rem/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.02em; padding: 7px 12px; border-radius: 999px; }
.tldr-answer p { font-size: 1.14rem; line-height: 1.65; margin: 0; max-width: none; }
.tldr-answer p + p { margin-top: 0.7em; }
.tldr-points { margin-top: 18px; padding-top: 16px; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.tldr-sub { font: 600 0.92rem/1.2 var(--sans); margin: 0 0 6px; }
.tldr-points ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 1.2em; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.98rem; line-height: 1.55; }
.tldr-points li { max-width: none; }
.tldr-jump { margin: 14px 0 0; font: 500 0.92rem/1 var(--sans); }
/* FAQ block */
.faq { margin-top: 3em !important; background: var(--tint); border-radius: var(--radius-m); padding: 8px 28px 22px; }
.faq h2 { margin-top: 0.9em !important; }
.faq h3 { font-size: 1.08rem; margin: 0 !important; padding: 18px 0 6px; border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--ink) 14%, transparent); }
.faq h2 + h3 { border-top: 0; }
.faq p { margin: 0 0 6px !important; }

.authorbox { margin-top: 3em !important; padding: 20px 24px; border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: var(--radius-m); background: var(--surface); font-family: var(--sans); }
.ab-label { font: 600 0.78rem/1 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); margin: 0 0 8px; letter-spacing: 0.02em; }
.ab-name { font: 600 1.05rem/1.3 var(--sans); margin: 0 0 2px; }
.ab-role { font: 400 0.92rem/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); margin: 0; }
.author-head { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 74px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 18px; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 8px; }
.author-initials { width: 74px; height: 74px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); display: grid; place-items: center; font: 600 1.5rem/1 var(--sans); }

.midcta { margin: 2.6em 0 !important; padding: 16px 20px; border-left: 4px solid var(--accent); background: var(--tint); border-radius: 0 var(--radius-s) var(--radius-s) 0; }
.midcta p { margin: 0; font: 400 0.98rem/1.6 var(--sans); max-width: none; }

/* ---------- Homepage only ---------- */
.home { --hero-ink: #0D1524; --blue: #1F4FD6; --blue-deep: #12266B; --blue-bright: #4C7DF0; }
.home .site-head { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home main.wrap { width: 100%; max-width: none; padding: 0; }
.home .h-wrap { width: min(1240px, 100% - 48px); margin-inline: auto; }
.home .eyebrow { font: 500 0.72rem/1 "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, monospace; letter-spacing: 0.16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--graphite); margin: 0 0 22px; }
.home .display { font-family: "Archivo", "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -0.035em; line-height: 0.92; color: var(--ink); margin: 0; }
.home .display em { font-family: "Instrument Serif", Georgia, serif; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: -0.01em; }
.home .lede-sans { font: 400 1.06rem/1.62 "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; color: var(--graphite); max-width: 42ch; }

/* hero */
.home .hero-b { padding: 86px 0 56px; }
.home .hero-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.55fr) minmax(0, 0.95fr); gap: 56px; align-items: start; }
.home .hero-b h1 { font-size: clamp(3rem, 1.2rem + 6.4vw, 6.4rem); max-width: 14ch; }
.home .hero-right { border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-left: 32px; padding-top: 10px; }
.home .hero-lede { font: 400 1.16rem/1.6 "Archivo", sans-serif; color: var(--graphite); max-width: 52ch; margin: 22px 0 0; }
.home .hero-actions { display: flex; gap: 14px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 32px; }
.home .btn-dark { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); font: 600 0.95rem/1 "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; padding: 15px 22px; border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; }
.home .btn-dark:hover { background: var(--blue); }
.home .btn-text { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; font: 600 0.95rem/1 "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; padding: 15px 4px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .btn-text:hover { color: var(--blue); border-bottom-color: var(--blue); }

/* stats */
.home .stats { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .stat { padding: 34px 28px 34px 0; }
.home .stat + .stat { padding-left: 28px; border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .stat b { display: block; font: 700 clamp(2rem, 1.2rem + 1.8vw, 2.9rem)/1 "Archivo", sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.03em; color: var(--ink); }
.home .stat span { display: block; margin-top: 12px; font: 400 0.72rem/1.6 "IBM Plex Mono", monospace; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--graphite); }

/* sections */
.home .sec { padding: 92px 0; }
.home .sec-alt { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ink) 4%, var(--paper)); }
.home .sec-head { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 56px; align-items: end; margin-bottom: 48px; }
.home .sec-head h2 { font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 1.4rem + 2.4vw, 3.5rem); max-width: 14ch; }
.home .num-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.home .num-list li { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .num-list a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 58px minmax(0, 1fr) 30px; align-items: center; gap: 16px; padding: 22px 0; text-decoration: none; transition: padding .18s ease; }
.home .num-list a:hover { padding-left: 10px; }
.home .num-list .n { font: 400 0.72rem/1 "IBM Plex Mono", monospace; color: var(--graphite); }
.home .num-list .t { font: 500 1.28rem/1.3 "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; color: var(--ink); letter-spacing: -0.01em; }
.home .num-list .ar { justify-self: end; color: var(--graphite); font-size: 1.1rem; }
.home .num-list a:hover .t, .home .num-list a:hover .ar { color: var(--blue); }
.home .steps { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 0; }
.home .step { padding: 0 26px 0 0; }
.home .step + .step { padding-left: 26px; border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .step .n { font: 400 0.72rem/1 "IBM Plex Mono", monospace; color: var(--graphite); }
.home .step h3 { font: 600 1.35rem/1.2 "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; margin: 14px 0 10px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; }
.home .step p { font: 400 0.98rem/1.6 "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; color: var(--graphite); margin: 0; }

/* markets */
.home .mk { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.home .mk a { padding: 30px 26px 30px 0; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .mk a + a { padding-left: 26px; border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .mk .m-n { display: block; font: 700 1.9rem/1 "Archivo", sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.03em; color: var(--ink); }
.home .mk .m-d { display: block; margin-top: 12px; font: 400 0.98rem/1.6 "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; color: var(--graphite); }
.home .mk a:hover .m-n { color: var(--blue); }

/* quote band */
.home .band { background: linear-gradient(120deg, var(--blue-deep) 0%, var(--blue) 46%, var(--blue-bright) 100%); color: #fff; padding: 110px 0; text-align: center; position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.home .band::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: -40% 20% auto; height: 150%; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18); pointer-events: none; }
.home .band blockquote { margin: 0; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.home .band p.q { font: 400 clamp(1.9rem, 1rem + 3.2vw, 3.4rem)/1.15 "Archivo", sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.03em; max-width: 20ch; margin: 0 auto; color: #fff; }
.home .band cite { display: block; margin-top: 30px; font: 400 0.72rem/1 "IBM Plex Mono", monospace; letter-spacing: 0.16em; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal; color: rgba(255,255,255,.82); }

/* intelligence + closing */
.home .cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.home .cards a { padding: 26px 26px 26px 0; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .cards a:nth-child(even) { padding-left: 26px; border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .cards .c-t { display: block; font: 600 1.15rem/1.3 "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; color: var(--ink); }
.home .cards .c-d { display: block; margin-top: 8px; font: 400 0.95rem/1.55 "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; color: var(--graphite); }
.home .cards a:hover .c-t { color: var(--blue); }
.home .close-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 56px; align-items: end; }
.home .close-grid h2 { font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 1.4rem + 2.6vw, 3.6rem); max-width: 13ch; }

@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .home .hero-grid, .home .sec-head, .home .close-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 30px; }
  .home .hero-right { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-top: 24px; }
  .home .stats, .home .steps { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .home .stat:nth-child(3) { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
  .home .step:nth-child(3) { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
  .home .mk, .home .cards { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .home .mk a + a, .home .cards a:nth-child(even) { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
}
@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .home .stats, .home .steps { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .home .stat + .stat, .home .step + .step { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-top: 26px; margin-top: 4px; }
  .home .num-list a { grid-template-columns: 40px minmax(0,1fr) 20px; }
  .home .sec { padding: 62px 0; }
}

/* ============ HOMEPAGE (scoped to .home) ============ */
.home { --hero-blue: #1B3FD8; --hero-deep: #0B1F5C; }
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root:not([data-theme="light"]) .home { --hero-blue: #5B82FF; --hero-deep: #10265E; } }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .home { --hero-blue: #5B82FF; --hero-deep: #10265E; }
.home .button { color: #fff; }
.home .site-head { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home main { padding-top: 0; }
.home main.wrap { width: 100%; max-width: none; padding: 0; }
.home .hwrap { width: min(1280px, 100% - 48px); margin-inline: auto; }
.home .page-grid { display: block; padding-bottom: 0; }
.home .prose > * + * { margin-top: 0; }
.home .prose p { max-width: none; }
.home .eyebrow { font: 500 0.74rem/1 "IBM Plex Mono", monospace; letter-spacing: 0.16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--graphite); margin: 0 0 26px; }
.home .num { font: 400 0.74rem/1 "IBM Plex Mono", monospace; color: var(--graphite); letter-spacing: 0.08em; }
.home h1, .home h2, .home h3 { font-family: "Archivo", "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.035em; font-weight: 600; }
.home .it { font-family: "Instrument Serif", Georgia, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.02em; }

/* hero */
.home .hero2 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.55fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 60px; padding: 76px 0 54px; align-items: start; }
.home .hero2 .hero-display { font-family: var(--sans); color: var(--ink); letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  font-weight: 600; font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 1.1rem + 5.4vw, 5.4rem); line-height: 0.97;
  margin: 0 0 8px; max-width: 17ch; text-wrap: balance; }
.home .hero2 h1.eyebrow { max-width: none; }
.home .hero2 .hero-display .it { font-size: 1.04em; color: var(--hero-blue); }
.home .hero-side { border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-left: 28px; margin-top: 12px; }
.home .hero-side p { font: 400 1.12rem/1.6 "Archivo", sans-serif; color: var(--ink); margin: 0 0 20px; max-width: 34ch; }
.home .hero-side .tag { font: 500 0.72rem/1 "IBM Plex Mono", monospace; letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--graphite); }
.home .hero-lede { font: 400 1.16rem/1.6 "Archivo", sans-serif; color: var(--graphite); max-width: 52ch; margin: 22px 0 0; }
.home .hero-actions { display: flex; gap: 14px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 32px; }
.home .button { font-family: "Archivo", sans-serif; background: var(--hero-blue); border-radius: 2px; padding: 15px 22px; }
.home .button-ghost { background: transparent; color: var(--ink); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--ink); }
@media (max-width: 900px) { .home .hero2 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 30px; padding-top: 44px; } .home .hero-side { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-top: 22px; } }

/* facts strip */
.home .facts { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); }
.home .facts div { padding: 30px 26px 30px 0; }
.home .facts div + div { padding-left: 26px; border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .facts b { display: block; font: 600 2.6rem/1 "Archivo", sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.04em; color: var(--ink); }
.home .facts span { display: block; margin-top: 10px; font: 400 0.74rem/1.5 "IBM Plex Mono", monospace; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--graphite); }
@media (max-width: 860px) { .home .facts { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; } .home .facts div:nth-child(3) { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; } }

/* sections */
.home section.blk { padding: 84px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home section.facts-band { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .blk-head { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.9fr) minmax(0, 1.25fr); gap: 60px; align-items: start; }
.home .blk h2 { font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 1.05rem + 2.8vw, 3.2rem); line-height: 1.04; margin: 0 0 18px; max-width: 16ch; text-wrap: balance; }
.home .blk h2 .it { display: block; }
.home .blk-head p { font: 400 1.06rem/1.65 "Archivo", sans-serif; color: var(--graphite); max-width: 46ch; margin: 0; }
@media (max-width: 900px) { .home .blk-head { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 26px; } .home section.blk { padding: 56px 0; } }

/* numbered link rows */
.home .rows { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.home .rows li { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .rows a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 54px minmax(0, 1fr) 40px; align-items: start; gap: 16px; padding: 22px 0; text-decoration: none; transition: padding .18s ease; }
.home .rows a:hover { padding-left: 10px; }
.home .rows .r-title { font: 500 1.24rem/1.3 "Archivo", sans-serif; color: var(--ink); letter-spacing: -0.015em; }
.home .rows .r-arrow { justify-self: end; color: var(--hero-blue); font-size: 1.1rem; }
.home .rows a:hover .r-title { color: var(--hero-blue); }
@media (max-width: 640px) { .home .rows a { grid-template-columns: 40px minmax(0,1fr) 24px; } .home .rows .r-title { font-size: 1.05rem; } }

/* process */
.home .steps { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 0; margin-top: 46px; }
.home .steps div { padding: 0 26px 0 0; }
.home .steps div + div { padding-left: 26px; border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .steps h3 { font-size: 1.28rem; margin: 14px 0 10px; letter-spacing: -0.02em; }
.home .steps p { font: 400 0.98rem/1.6 "Archivo", sans-serif; color: var(--graphite); margin: 0; }
@media (max-width: 860px) { .home .steps { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; row-gap: 32px; } .home .steps div:nth-child(3) { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; } }

/* markets */
.home .mkts { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.home .mkts a { padding: 26px 26px 26px 0; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .mkts a:nth-child(3n+2), .home .mkts a:nth-child(3n) { padding-left: 26px; border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .mkts .m-n { font: 500 1.5rem/1.2 "Archivo", sans-serif; color: var(--ink); letter-spacing: -0.02em; display: block; }
.home .mkts .m-d { display: block; margin-top: 8px; font: 400 0.95rem/1.55 "Archivo", sans-serif; color: var(--graphite); }
.home .mkts a:hover .m-n { color: var(--hero-blue); }
@media (max-width: 760px) { .home .mkts { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .home .mkts a { padding-left: 0 !important; border-left: 0 !important; } }

/* quote band */
.home .quote .hwrap { text-align: center; }
.home .quote { background: linear-gradient(120deg, var(--hero-deep) 0%, var(--hero-blue) 55%, #3E6BFF 100%); color: #fff; text-align: center; padding: 108px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.home .quote p { font: 400 clamp(1.9rem, 1rem + 3.4vw, 3.6rem)/1.12 "Archivo", sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.035em; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 20ch; }
.home .quote .attr { font: 500 0.74rem/1 "IBM Plex Mono", monospace; letter-spacing: 0.16em; text-transform: uppercase; opacity: 0.8; margin-top: 30px; }

/* closing */
.home .closing { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 60px; align-items: end; padding: 86px 0 96px; }
.home .closing h2 { font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 1.1rem + 3.2vw, 3.7rem); line-height: 1.02; margin: 0; max-width: 15ch; text-wrap: balance; }
.home .closing p { font: 400 1.1rem/1.6 "Archivo", sans-serif; color: var(--graphite); margin: 0 0 22px; max-width: 34ch; }
@media (max-width: 900px) { .home .closing { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; padding: 56px 0 64px; } }

/* markets section: subtle dotted world map */
.home .blk.markets { position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.home .blk.markets::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background: url("/assets/world-dots.webp") no-repeat right 0% top 14%;
  background-size: min(880px, 70%) auto;
  opacity: 0.16; pointer-events: none;
}
.home .blk.markets > .hwrap { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root:not([data-theme="light"]) .home .blk.markets::before { filter: invert(1); opacity: 0.2; } }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .home .blk.markets::before { filter: invert(1); opacity: 0.2; }
@media (max-width: 860px) { .home .blk.markets::before { background-size: 150% auto; background-position: center top 4%; opacity: 0.12; } }

/* hero texture: faint dot grid and a single soft blue wash */
.home .hero-band { position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.home .hero-band::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; pointer-events: none;
  background-image: radial-gradient(circle at center, color-mix(in srgb, var(--ink) 26%, transparent) 1px, transparent 1.1px);
  background-size: 26px 26px;
  opacity: 0.16;
  mask-image: linear-gradient(105deg, transparent 8%, #000 42%, #000 68%, transparent 96%);
  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(105deg, transparent 8%, #000 42%, #000 68%, transparent 96%);
}
.home .hero-band::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; right: -8%; top: -30%; width: 58%; height: 150%; pointer-events: none;
  background: radial-gradient(closest-side, color-mix(in srgb, var(--hero-blue) 16%, transparent), transparent 72%);
}
.home .hero-band > .hwrap { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root:not([data-theme="light"]) .home .hero-band::before { opacity: 0.22; } }


.email-first { font: 600 1.02rem/1.5 var(--sans); margin: 4px 0 6px; }
.email-first a { text-decoration: none; }
.email-first a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }


.home .rows .r-main { display: block; }
.home .rows .r-desc { display: block; margin-top: 5px; font: 400 0.93rem/1.5 "Archivo", sans-serif; color: var(--graphite); max-width: none; }
@media (min-width: 1100px) { .home .rows .r-desc { white-space: nowrap; } }
.home .rows .num { padding-top: 4px; }
.home .rows .r-arrow { padding-top: 2px; }
@media (max-width: 640px) { .home .rows .r-desc { font-size: 0.92rem; } }

/* Author bibliography */
.bib { margin-top: 2.6em; }
.bib h2 { font-size: 1.4rem; margin: 0 0 4px; }
.bib-count { font: 400 0.9rem/1.4 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); margin: 0 0 18px; }
.bib h3 { font: 600 0.78rem/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--graphite); margin: 26px 0 0; padding-bottom: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.biblist { list-style: none; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0; }
.biblist li { max-width: none !important; margin: 0 !important; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.biblist a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1.15fr); gap: 20px;
  padding: 12px 0; text-decoration: none; align-items: baseline; }
.biblist .b-t { font: 600 0.98rem/1.35 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); }
.biblist .b-d { font: 400 0.88rem/1.45 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); }
.biblist a:hover .b-t { color: var(--accent); }
@media (max-width: 680px) { .biblist a { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 3px; } }



/* Dark mode swaps in the reversed lockups (white wordmark, plated mark)
   rather than putting the light artwork on a white box. */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) .brand img { content: image-set(url("/assets/logo-header-dark.png") 1x, url("/assets/logo-header-dark@2x.png") 2x, url("/assets/logo-header-dark@3x.png") 3x); }
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) .foot-brand img { content: image-set(url("/assets/logo-full-dark.png") 1x, url("/assets/logo-full-dark@2x.png") 2x); }
}
:root[data-theme="dark"] .brand img { content: image-set(url("/assets/logo-header-dark.png") 1x, url("/assets/logo-header-dark@2x.png") 2x, url("/assets/logo-header-dark@3x.png") 3x); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .foot-brand img { content: image-set(url("/assets/logo-full-dark.png") 1x, url("/assets/logo-full-dark@2x.png") 2x); }

.topstack { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 12; }

/* ---------- Top utility bar + WhatsApp ---------- */
.topbar { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); font-family: var(--sans); }
.topbar-in { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 18px;
  min-height: 40px; padding: 7px 0; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.topbar-t { margin: 0; font: 400 0.9rem/1.35 var(--sans);
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 86%, transparent); }
.topbar-t strong { font-weight: 600; color: var(--paper); }
.topbar-t .tb-short { display: none; }
.topbar-a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; text-decoration: none;
  font: 600 0.9rem/1 var(--sans); color: var(--paper);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 12%, transparent);
  padding: 7px 13px; border-radius: 999px; white-space: nowrap; }
.topbar-a:hover { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 20%, transparent); }
.wa-i { width: 17px; height: 17px; fill: #25D366; flex: 0 0 auto; }
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .topbar-in { gap: 10px; min-height: 36px; padding: 5px 0; flex-wrap: nowrap; }
  .topbar-t { font-size: 0.8rem; }
  .topbar-t .tb-long { display: none; }
  .topbar-t .tb-short { display: inline; }
  .topbar-a { font-size: 0.82rem; padding: 5px 10px; }
  .wa-i { width: 15px; height: 15px; }
}
@media (max-width: 400px) { .topbar-t { font-size: 0.74rem; } .topbar-a span { font-size: 0.78rem; } }
.cta-acts { display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; flex: 0 0 auto; }
.button-wa { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px;
  background: transparent !important; color: var(--paper) !important;
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 45%, transparent); }
.button-wa:hover { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 12%, transparent) !important; }
.button-wa .wa-i { width: 18px; height: 18px; }
.mnav nav a.m-wa { font-weight: 600; }
@media (max-width: 640px) { .cta-acts { width: 100%; } .cta-acts .button { flex: 1 1 auto; text-align: center; } }

/* Hub intros: two readable columns instead of one narrow one beside empty space */
.hub-lede { columns: 2; column-gap: 56px; margin-bottom: 0.4em; }
.hub-lede p { max-width: none; margin: 0 0 1.05em; break-inside: avoid; }
.hub-lede p:first-of-type { font-size: 1.1rem; }
@media (max-width: 1000px) { .hub-lede { columns: 1; } .hub-lede p { max-width: var(--measure); } }

/* A page with a table of contents already has a narrow column: keep one column there */
.with-toc .hub-lede { columns: 1; }
.with-toc .hub-lede p { max-width: var(--measure); }
.with-toc .hub-lede p:first-of-type { font-size: 1.0625rem; }

/* Table captions give an extracted row its subject. Visible, small, above the grid. */
.t-cap { caption-side: top; text-align: left; font: 600 0.82rem/1.3 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite);
  padding: 10px 14px 9px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); background: var(--surface); }
.table-wrap.dense .t-cap { padding: 9px 11px 8px; }

.ab-cred { font: 400 0.9rem/1.55 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); margin: 6px 0 0; }
.ab-rev { font: 500 0.88rem/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); margin: 12px 0 0;
  padding-top: 11px; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }

.foot-social { margin: 10px 0 0; }
.foot-social a { font: 500 0.9rem/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); text-decoration: none; }
.foot-social a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; }

.foot-addr { margin: 8px 0 0; font: 400 0.85rem/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--graphite); }